Increase Noise Hazard on Incident of Occupational Diseases in Agroindustrial Area

Background: The sound generated by a tractor engine is one of the causes of ear disorders. This is usually experienced by people who live in agro-industrial areas, especially those who work as farm laborers, especially when planting and harvesting. Most people spend their free time in the fields, so they indirectly listen to the sound produced by the tool. Purpose: The literature review study aims to discover the increase of noise hazards on incidents of occupational diseases in agro-industrial areas. Methods: The method used in the preparation of this Literature Review was obtained from 3 database sources, namely Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Pubmed, which was published from 2018 to 2021 using Indonesian keywords, namely "Noise" OR "Agro-industry" OR "Hearing Impaired" OR "Occupational Health Risks". After searching for journal articles using the Google Scholar search engine, according to the keywords that have been determined. Literature analysis took ten journal articles published in 2018-2023, 5 articles discussing noise, two articles discussing hearing loss, two articles discussing occupational health risks, and 1 article discussing agro-industry. Results: From this study, it can be concluded that the presence of noise intensity that has exceeded the threshold value (85 dB) can increase the risk of increased blood pressure of workers, leading to workplace hypertension. In addition, noise can also cause stress because it is one type of stressor in the workplace. Conclusion: It is crucial to plan various ear plug measures to reduce noise exposure in the workplace. The nurse's suggestion is to build public awareness regarding the importance of protecting the ears from noise, one of which is using ear plugs. The purpose of the earplug is to protect and reduce the level of noise that enters the ear.


Introduction
Agronursing is a holistic and comprehensive client-focused management of nursing care and nursing services in the agricultural area (agriculture, fishery, animal husbandry, plantation, and agro-industry) 1 .Diseases that can attack farmers come from the environmental sector (UV rays, chemicals, the sound of agricultural machinery), the psychological sector, work safety, infectious agents, and dangerous animals (snakes, wild animals).Agronursing has a crucial role in overcoming health problems and maintaining the health of farmers 2 .
Noise is a form of unwanted sound or sound forms that don't fit the place and the time.The sound is not desired because it interferes with the speech and ears of humans, which can damage hearing or human comfort 3 .While, noise, according to (WHO 2001), is to the human hearing system in the form of reduced one's hearing power and even loss of individual hearing ability, which is indirectly progressive.In addition to auditory effects, attention should also be paid to non-auditory effects, which are the impact of noise on humans and the auditory system 4 .
Occupational diseases are diseases caused by work and Working Environment.Equipment is a tool that can protect someone whose function is to isolate part or all of the body from potential hazards in the workplace.Employers or workplace owners must provide personal protective equipment for all employees in the workplace.Furthermore, workers or laborers who enter the workplace must wear or use personal protective equipment according to standards made by analyzing the potential hazards and risks that may occur in the work area, especially industry.
Ear plugs and ear muffs are a form of personal protective equipment mentioned in the Minister of Manpower Regulation, meaning that these tools must be used by all employees and workers in industrial areas associated with prolonged exposure to engine noise (noise).The sound of machines and other devices that cause noise and the condition of workers without wearing ear protection will cause a person to experience hearing

Research design
The method used is Literature Review, namely by re-explaining information that has been published and then reviewed without reducing the essence of the topic discussion.

Measurement and data collection
The journal used in the preparation of this Literature Review was obtained from 3 database source, namely Google Scholar search engine, PubMed, and ScienceDirect, which was published from 2018 to 2021 using Indonesian keywords, namely "Noise" OR "Agro-industry" OR "Hearing Impaired" OR "Occupational Diseases".

Results
After searching for journal articles using the Google Scholar search engine, PubMed and ScienceDirect, according to the keywords that have been determined.
Literature analysis took ten journal articles published in 2018-2023, 5 articles discussing noise, two articles discussing hearing loss, two articles discussing occupational health risks, and 1 article discussing agro-industry.research conducted by Firdaus (2019), namely that workers in the food raw material processing industry area have the potential to experience nerve damage due to noise.In his research, it was also explained that most meat, coffee, rice, and glutinous rice mill workers in the Jember district have the potential to experience hearing loss due to noise intensity that exceeds the predetermined Threshold Value (NAB) of > 85 dB and due to noise exposure that is too long 9-12 hours 16 .
The strict implementation of administrative principles regarding the maximum time limit allowed for workers without hearing protective equipment, for example, using show that the red shoot plant damper media can reduce noise with an initial intensity of 89.9 dB to 84.45 dB (transmission loss 5.45 dB).At the same time, the Asoka plant (Sarasa Asoka) can reduce the noise level to 84.9 dB (transmission loss 5 dB) 13 .
Long-term noise exposure can cause hypo and hyper reactions, which can indicate regulatory abnormalities in the axis.In addition, research conducted by Pickering states that acute and chronic stress can cause increased cytokine release, not only as a marker but also as an inflammatory mediator that causes vascular endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis processes.So that in the end, there is an increase in blood pressure which can chronically cause hypertension 17 .In addition to causing imbalances in physical conditions, noise can also cause psychological disorders.
Stress can be interpreted as psychological pressure that can cause physical and mental illness.Before stress occurs, there needs to be a stressor (stressor) that is entirely was found that there is a significant relationship between noise intensity in the work environment and stress levels 14 .

Conclusion
From this study, it can be concluded that the presence of noise intensity that has exceeded the threshold value (85 dB) can increase the risk of increased blood pressure of workers, leading to workplace hypertension.In addition, noise can also cause stress because it is one type of stressor in the workplace.It is, therefore, important to plan various preventive measures to reduce noise exposure in the workplace.One of the methods discussed in this study is according to the recommendation of the Minister of Manpower regarding the use of Ear Protective Equipment (Earplug and ear) properly and correctly.
PAK risk factors between other: Physical, chemical, biological, or psychosocial at work.These factors in the work environment are Underlying and Decisive Causes of occupational diseases.Factor Others like individual vulnerabilities as well as Role in the development of the disease among exposed workers 5 .Personal protective equipment (PPE) is a tool used to protect the body from injury or illness caused by a lot of contact with hazards in the work area in the form of physical, biological, chemical, radiation, and others 6 .According to the Regulation of the Minister of Manpower and Transmigration Number PER.08/MEN/VII/2010, Personal Protective meaningful and specific to each individual.A psychosocial stressor is any circumstance or event that causes an individual's reaction through physiological, psychological, and behavioral responses.Work environments with noise exposure have the potential to be work stressors.Work stressors are all work conditions that employees perceive as demanding and can cause work stress.Workers experience stress due to heavy work demands coupled with the presence of bothersome noise.This can also certainly reduce the workability of employees.According to research conducted by Safiu et al. (2023), it

Table 1 . Literature Review Noise Hazard and Occupational Diseases In Agroindustrial Area ID Number Author and Journal Identity Journal Titles Objective Populati on and Sample Method Summary of Results
19rmula standards set by NIOSH, is complicated to implement in the field.It is almost impossible for a worker to leave his workplace when the deadline to deal with the noise is almost overwhelming, and the work has not yet been completed.Therefore, for the benefit of workers and work, it is appropriate if the application of the fifth hazard control principle, namely Personal Protective Equipment for hearing, is used in places that contain noise hazards.This is a possible preventive measure to prevent noise.The study published by Setyaningsih & Kurniawan (2019) provides other interventions and solutions related to noise exposure in agroindustrial areas.According to his research, husks, and straw can help lighten the sound of rice milling machines.This result is undoubtedly an alternative and workable problem-solving.According to him, the company needs to consider using engine dampers to make the atmosphere in the work environment more comfortable and conducive.The study's results proved that rice husks and straws can reduce noise intensity in rice milling business workers19.