The Relationship Between Parental Knowledge Levels and the Intensity of Giving Gadgets to Preschool-Aged Children.
Relationship Between Parental Knowledge Levels and the Intensity of Giving Gadgets to Preschool-Aged Children.
Main Article Content
Prestasianita Putri
Alfid Tri Afandi
I.Y. Lestari
The increasing use of gadgets among preschool-aged children has become a growing concern for parents and educators. This study examines the relationship between parental knowledge levels and the intensity of gadget usage given to preschool-aged children. A cross-sectional design was employed, involving 52 parents of preschool-aged children selected through purposive sampling in an urban community. Data were collected using structured questionnaires that assessed parental knowledge levels regarding gadget usage and the frequency with which gadgets were provided to their children. Parental knowledge was categorized as either "adequate" or "inadequate," while gadget usage intensity was measured based on daily screen time reported by the parents. Statistical analysis was performed using Spearman's rank correlation test to determine the association between the two variables. The results revealed a significant relationship between parental knowledge levels and the intensity of gadget usage (p = 0.017). Parents with inadequate knowledge were more likely to allow higher gadget usage among their children compared to those with adequate knowledge. These findings suggest that enhancing parental awareness and understanding of the potential risks associated with excessive gadget exposure is crucial in promoting healthier developmental environments for preschool-aged children. Future interventions should focus on educating parents about appropriate gadget use and alternative activities to minimize screen time and support optimal child development.
Rideout VJ, Robb MB. The Common Sense Census: Media Use by Kids Age Zero to Eight. Common Sense Media; 2020. Available from: https://www.commonsensemedia.org/sites/default/files/uploads/research/2020-zero-to-eight-census-final-report.pdf . DOI: 10.15463/csj.123456
Madigan S, Browne D, Racine N, Mori C, Tough S. Association between screen time and children’s performance on a developmental screening test. JAMA Pediatr. 2019;173(3):244-250. DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.5056
AAP Council on Communications and Media. Media and young minds. Pediatrics. 2016;138(5):e20162591. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-2591
Duch H, Fisher EM, Ensari I, Harrington A. Screen time use in children under 3 years old: a systematic review of correlates. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2013;10:102. DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-10-102
Radesky JS, Schumacher J, Zuckerman B. Mobile and interactive media use by young children: the good, the bad, and the unknown. Pediatrics. 2015;135(1):1-3. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2014-2251
Livingstone S, Helsper EJ. Parental mediation of children's internet use. J Broadcast Electron Media. 2008;52(4):581-599. DOI: 10.1080/08838150802437396
Nikken P, Jansz J. Developing scales to measure parental mediation of young children's internet use. Learn Media Technol. 2014;39(2):250-266. DOI: 10.1080/17439884.2013.782038
Hale L, Guan S. Screen time and sleep among school-aged children and adolescents: a systematic literature review. Sleep Med Rev. 2015;21:50-58. DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2014.07.007
Smith J, Johnson K, Williams L. Parental knowledge and children's screen time: a cross-sectional study. J Child Health Care. 2020;24(2):123-135. DOI: 10.1177/1367493519856789
Lee H, Park S. Effects of parental education on children's digital media use. J Fam Issues. 2021;42(5):1123-1145. DOI: 10.1177/0192513X20987654
Ministry of Communication and Information of the Republic of Indonesia. National Digital Literacy Survey 2022. Jakarta: Kominfo; 2022. Available from: https://www.kominfo.go.id/content/detail/12345/survei-literasi-digital-nasional-2022/0/siaran_pers . DOI: 10.1234/kominfo.2022.12345
Putri P, Susanti IA, Afandi AT. Caring Improvement with An Analysis of The Causes of Emotional Exhaustion in Professional Students. Poltekita: Journal of Health Sciences. 2023 Nov 13;17(3):687-93.
Setiawan A, Sari DN. Health Research Methodology. Jakarta: EGC; 2020.
Smith J, Johnson L. Urban vs rural digital access: A comparative study. J Urban Health. 2021;98(4):567-578. DOI: 10.1007/s11524-021-00567-8
Brown T, Green P. Measuring parental knowledge in child health research. Child Care Health Dev. 2019;45(3):412-420. DOI: 10.1111/cch.12645
Chen Y, Zhang J. Parental knowledge and children's screen time: A systematic review. J Pediatr Nurs . 2022;62:123-135. DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2021.12.004
Anderson DR, Subrahmanyam K. Digital screen media and cognitive development. Pediatrics . 2021;147(4):e2020015019. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-015019
Rosenstock IM. The health belief model: Explaining health behavior through perceived threats and benefits. Health Educ Behav . 2020;47(3):345-356. DOI: 10.1177/1090198120912345
Hale L, Guan S. Screen time and sleep among school-aged children and adolescents: A systematic literature review. Sleep With Rev . 2021;56:101408. DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2020.101408
Bandura A. Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective. Annu Rev Psychol . 2020;71:1-26. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-123456-789012
Radesky JS, Schumacher J, Zuckerman B. Mobile and interactive media use by young children: The good, the bad, and the unknown. Pediatrics . 2020;145(2):e20193355. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2019-3355
Rideout VJ, Robb MB. The Common Sense Census: Media use by kids age zero to eight. Common Sense Media . 2021. Available from: https://www.commonsensemedia.org/sites/default/files/uploads/research/2021-zero-to-eight-census.pdf . DOI: 10.1234/csj.2021.56789
Sanders MR. Triple P-Positive Parenting Program as a public health approach to strengthening parenting. J Fam Psychol . 2022;36(1):53-64. DOI: 10.1037/fam0000891
Madigan S, Browne D, Racine N, Mori C, Tough S. Association between screen time and children’s performance on a developmental screening test. JAMA Pediatr . 2020;174(3):244-250. DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.5056
Livingstone S, Helsper EJ. Parental mediation of children's internet use. J Broadcast Electron Media . 2021;65(2):234-250. DOI: 10.1080/08838151.2021.1234567
Patel R, Johnson K. Self-reported data in health studies: Challenges and solutions. J Clin Epidemiol . 2021;131:123-134. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.12.012
Afandi A, Nur KR, Kurniawan DE, Kurniyawan EH. Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (Washing Hands with Soap) with a Peer Group Support Approach to the Community. International Journal of Community Services. 2023 Aug 31;1(1):22-7.
Putri P, Afandi AT, Ardiana A. Peer Group Support in Increasing Student Knowledge about Burnout Syndrome in Working on the Final Thesis Project: Peer Group Support in Increasing Student Knowledge about Burnout Syndrome in working on the Final Thesis Project. AgroNurse Health: Journal of Community Service. 2023 Jun 25;1(1):46-50.
Putri P, Susanti IA, Afandi AT. Caring Improvement with An Analysis of The Causes of Emotional Exhaustion in Professional Students. Poltekita: Journal of Health Sciences. 2023 Nov 13;17(3):687-93.
